Salivary gland: Savilon -- Oesophageal sphincters: Upper oesophageal sphincter and lower oesophageal sphincter -- Stomach as an Acid Producer -- Homeostasis of gastric acid secretion: neurocrine, paracrine and endocrine system, proton pump inhibitors. Alkaline tide -- Gastric mucosal barrier, Helicobacter pylori -- Gastric motility: (Migrating Motor Complex, Receptive Relaxation, Accommodation, Retropulsion) -- Gastric Emptying -- Gastrointestinal Rhythmic Contractions Electrical Basis: Slow wave potential -- Migratory Motor Complex (or migrating myoelectric complex), MMC, Motilin -- Motility: Peristalsis, Segmentation, Haustration and Mass movement -- Motility: Peristalsis, Segmentation, Haustration and Mass movement -- Recycling of bile salts: Enterohepatic Circulation (EHC) -- Intestinal Fluid Handling: Absorption -- Intestinal Fluid Handling: Secretion -- Pancreatic Exocrine function: Pancreatic acinar cell in pancreatic secretion, cholecystokinin (CCK), Auto- digestion -- Pancreatic Exocrine function: Pancreatic ductal cell, CFTR chloride channel. Secretin -- Carbohydrate Digestion: Small intestine as the site of digestion and absorption for dietary carbohydrate -- Fat digestion: Bile salt, emulsification, micelles, lipases, chylomicrons -- Protein Digestion -- Protein Absorption -- Defecation Reflex: Parasympathetic defecation reflex, intrinsic myenteric defection reflex -- Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) -- Equilibrium Potential -- Membrane conductance -- Action Potential -- Neuronal excitability -- Neuronal refractory period -- Initiation zone -- Saltatory conduction -- Firing rate -- Post-synaptic potentials -- Synaptic delay -- Summation -- Neurotransmitter -- Presynaptic inhibition -- Adequate stimulus -- Stimulus transduction -- Stimulus coding -- Adaptation -- Sensory discrimination (acuity) -- Motor neurons -- Neuromuscular junction -- Proprioception -- Spinal reflex -- Alpha-gamma coactivation.

This second volume of Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts. continues on the same format as the first. In this new release, a selection of 44 essential topics in each major organ system is defined, then major themes, concept and principles surrounding these words in their physiologic scenarios are elaborated. For each keyword, a question is posed at the end of the text to test for a better understanding of the associated physiology of nervous and gastrointestinal systems. This book presents an easy reference guide for those just starting out in the area of physiology and for those who are interested in clear and succinct definitions of key terms.