This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-art research in the field of monetary history. The authors comprise a collection of leading academics from universities worldwide. Thanks to its unrivaled breadth both in time (from antiquity to the present) and geographical coverage (from Europe to the Americas, Asia, and Africa), the volume is set to become a key reference for historians, economists, and social scientists with an interest in the subject. The handbook reflects the existing variety of scholarly approaches in the field, from the history of monetary thought to the political economy of monetary institutions, from cultural perspectives on money to theoretically driven macroeconomic history. Section 1 examines the commodity money era (from ancient times to the nineteenth century) and Section 2 deals with the fiat money era (nineteenth and twentieth centuries). The volume also provides readers with a survey of existing datasets for the study of money and currency in historical perspective. .